Nothing has done more for Nato unity, strength and expansion than Vladimir Putin’s brutal invasion of Ukraine.
Just three years ago, Emmanuel Macron, France’s president, declared the Western military alliance “braindead”, as he questioned transatlantic relations with Donald Trump in charge of the White House.
His comments marked a low point for Nato, then 71 years old. But, leaving their summit in Madrid last week, its leaders hailed a newly reinvigorated and enlarged alliance at a time when it is most needed.
The headline announcements of Sweden and Finland being allowed to join and a 300,000-strong rapid response force were the perfect response to the growing threat posed by Russia.
Scratching away at the surface of those, however, revealed a far from smooth path to demonstrating unity to Moscow.
Ahead of the summit, billed as historic by Nato allies, Sweden and Finland’s membership bids were firmly on ice because of a Turkish veto.
“I wasn’t planning to talk to you,” Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan told his Finnish and Swedish counterparts at a meeting on the first day of the gathering.
“I’m here due to my friend [Jens] Stoltenberg’s insistence,” he added.
Before the meeting between Mr Erdogan, Sauli Niinisto, Finland’s president, and Swedish prime minister Magdalena Andersson, there was little hope of the deadlock being broken.
Ankara had for a month been blocking Helsinki and Stockholm’s membership ambitions over what the Turkish said was their lax attitude to Kurdish groups, including the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, EU and US.
In Madrid, officials started work on what they called a “memorandum of understanding” in the hope of circumnavigating Turkey’s veto.
“The Turks are b——- to negotiate with,” one official with experience told me.
Turkish officials repeatedly asked for Sweden to extradite 20 to 30 people, which Ankara says are alleged terrorists, in order to secure Nato membership. Stockholm said no.
Eventually they hammered out an agreement, after Turkey initially walked out of the talks, to “address” Ankara’s pending deportation and extradition requests. The pact also made clear that Sweden and Finland share Turkey’s concerns over terror.
Behind the scenes, Jens Stoltenberg, Nato’s secretary-general, Joe Biden, the US President, and Foreign Secretary Liz Truss had been working hard to convince Mr Erdogan to drop his opposition.
They said blocking Finland and Sweden’s membership bids was a clear victory for Vladimir Putin, Russia’s despot leader.
The Turkish leader relented, keeping one trump card up his sleeve for the end of the summit in Madrid.
Traditionally, Nato’s most senior official and the US President would book-end the closing press conferences.
Not this time, Mr Erdogan insisted on hosting his address to the waiting media last, breaking usual protocol.
He told the room that his parliament would once again reject Finland and Sweden’s membership if Stockholm didn’t agree to the extradition of 73 people to Turkey.
Ms Andersson didn’t learn of his ultimatum until she landed back in Sweden from Spain.
The threat still has not been addressed, and while Nato countries swiftly ratify the Nordic countries’ accession protocols, nobody yet knows whether Mr Erdogan will end all hopes of an enlarged Nato. |
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